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61.
Xiaochen Kang 《国际地球制图》2015,30(1):28-47
Collaborative mapping is different from other collaborative editing systems because of spatial characterization and spatial dependence. Spatial operations on a mapping feature influence that feature and also the neighbouring features. Therefore, conflicts are likely to occur if common features or interrelated features are processed concurrently. For collaborative editing systems, the widely used multiversioning technique enables improved concurrency, which, however, is at the cost of synchronous data consistency. To maintain the synchronous consistency in collaborative mapping, a practical framework called the spatial operation dependence graph is proposed. The features are expressed as graph vertexes, while the dependences among the operations on features are expressed as graph edges. Through maintaining locking statuses of the vertexes, interdependent operations on features are arbitrated according to the temporal order, while independent operations can concurrently proceed. The utility of this framework is demonstrated through a prototype system, Co-Mapping. 相似文献
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随着GPS导航定位技术的日臻完善，GPS定位技术在工程测量领域的应用越来越广泛，从地形测图、线路放样、到控制测量都发挥了重要的作用。本文主要叙述了应用GPS定位技术建立吉安市区地籍控制网的情况。 相似文献
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Relativistic (E >1.6 MeV) electron flux enhancements during Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events as observed by the synchronous FY-2 satellite at orbit located at 105°E are investigated. Energetic protons during SEP events heavily contaminate relativistic electron flux measurements. The ratio of the contamination in the original measurement of relativistic electron flux was over 30% during most of the SEP event on July 14, 2000. A method has been developed to eliminate the contamination caused by the energetic protons, and a "corrected" relativistic electron flux has been obtained. The "cleaned-up" relativistic electron flux measurement shows that relativistic electron flux enhancement at synchronous orbit is well correlated with SEP events during which the IMF Bz has some southward periods. The enhancement could arise as the transport of relativistic electrons from the upstream solar wind into synchronous orbit via the magnetotail. 相似文献
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The Siwaliks in the foothills of the Himalayas, containing molasse sediments derived from the rising mountain front, represent
a foreland fold-thrust belt which was deformed during the continued northward convergence of the Indian plate following the
continent-continent collision. In this contribution we present balanced and restored cross sections along a line from Adampur
through Jawalamukhi to Palampur in the foothills of the Punjab and Himachal Himalayas using published surface/subsurface data.
The cross section incorporates all the rock units of the Sub-Himalaya Zone as well as that of the northern Lesser Himalaya
Zone. The structural geometry of the fold-thrust belt in this section is largely controlled by three buried thrusts within
the Sundernagar Formation of the Lesser Himalaya Zone. Two of these buried thrusts splay from the basal detachment and delineate
a buried horse. Three thrusts towards foreland, including the Main Frontal Thrust (inferred to be a blind thrust in this sector),
splay from these buried thrusts. In the hinterland, an anticlinal fault-bend fold was breached by a sequence of break-back
thrusts, one of which is the Main Boundary Thrust. A foreland propagating thrust system is inadequate to explain the evolution
of the fold-thrust-belt in this section. We show that a “synchronous thrusting” model in whichin-sequence initiation of thrusts at depth combined with continued motion on all the thrusts leading toout-of-sequence imbrication at the upper structural levels better explains the evolution of the fold-thrust belt in the Jawalamukhi section.
The estimated shortening between the two chosen pin lines is about 36% (about 72 km). 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to develop design criteria, which account for the effects of earthquakes spatial variability. The two simplest forms of this problem are dealt with: differential ground displacements and differential structural displacements, for points and structures separated in space. The structures considered are linear elastic single degree of freedom oscillators. These problems may seem trivial, but some of the codes considered appear improvable on this aspect. First, the mathematical model is set up using basic random vibration theory and the code provisions critically examined. Then, the sensitivity of the ground and structural differential response is assessed. The differential displacements can be mathematically expressed in a straightforward fashion, both for the ground and the structures. These expressions are simple enough to be used as design rules. Comparison with the European and Italian Civil Protection codes shows that these can be improved on this aspect; and, for this reason, the Italian draft code for bridges has been mainly drafted following the results of this study. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献